Titrimetry; Volumetric Analysis Standards and solutions

This page gives info on the preparation of 250 ml titration standards and solutions used in volumetric analysis, with concentrations expressed in molarity, normality and equivalents.

Acid / base titrations
Oxidation / Reduction
permanganate and dichromate
Iodometry
iodine and thiosulphate
Precipitation titrations
silver nitrate

Acid / Base Titrations

Ammonium sulphate (NH4)2SO4. FW = 132.14, Eq. = 66g/l. 250ml 0.05M = 1.325g = 0.1N	Adipic acid HO2C(CH2)4CO2H, FW = 146.4, Eq. = 73.03g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.83g = 0.1N
Barium hydroxide Ba(OH)2.8H2O, FW = 315.48, Eq. = 157.5g/l 250ml 0.05M = 3.94g = 0.1N	Benzoic acid C6H5COOH, FW = 122.12, Eq. = 61g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.52g = 0.1N
Calcium carbonate CaCaCO3, FW = 100.00, Eq. = 50g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.25g = 0.1N	Furroic acid FW = 112.08, Eq. = 112g/l 250ml 0.1M = 2.8g = 0.1N
Hydrochloric acid HCl, FW = 36.5, Density = 1.2 1M = 83mls = 1N (Use 86mls) 250ml 0.1M = 2mls = 0.1N 1 liter 0.1M soln = 8.6mls = 0.1N	Oxalic acid H2C2O4.2H2O, FW = 126.07, Eq. = 63g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.575g = 0.1N
Potassium hydrogen phthalate KH(C8H4O4), FW = 204.23, Eq. =204g/l 250ml 0.1M = 5.105g = 0.1N	Potassiun hydrogen iodate KH(IO3)2, FW = 389.92, Eq. 73.07g/l 250ml 0.1M = 9.75g = 0.1N
Sodium carbonate Na2CO3, FW = 106, Eq. =53g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.325g = 0.1N	Sodium hydroxide NaOH, FW = 40, Eq. = 40g/l 250ml 0.1M = 1.0g = 0.1N 1 liter 0.1M soln = 4g = 0.1N
Sodium oxalate Na2C2O4, FW = 134.00, Eq. =134g/l 250 0.1M = 3.35g = 0.1N	Sodium tetraborate NaB4O7.10H2O, FW = 381.37, Eq. =190g/l 250ml 0.05M = 4.762g =0.1N
Succinic acid HO2CCH2CH2CO2H, FW = 118.09, Eq. = 59.045g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.475g = 0.1N	Sulphamic acid H2NSO3H, FW = 97.09, Eq. = 99.09g/l 250ml 0.10M = 2.425 = 0.1N
Sulphuric acid H2SO4, FW = 98.08, Density = 1.8 1M = 56mls = 2N 250ml 0.05M = 0.7mls = 0.1N 1 liter 0.05M = 2.8mls = 0.1N (use 3 mls)	Tris (hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane H2N.C(CH2OH)3, FW = 121.14, Eq. = 121g/l 250ml 0.1M = 3.023g =0.1N

Titrations with Permanganate

Ammonium oxalate (NH4)2C2O4, FW = 124, Eq. = 62g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.55g = 0.1N	Ferrous ammonium sulphate FeSO4(NH4)2SO4.6H2O, FW – 392, Eq. 392g/l 250ml 0,1M = 9.8g = 0.1N (add a few drops of conc. H2SO4 to clear)
Hhdrogen peroxide H2O2, FW = 34. Eq. = 17g/l 10 Vol. = 3% 20 Vol. = 6% = 1.8M 100 Vol. = 30% 250ml 0.05M = 12.50ml of 20 Vol. = 0.1N 1 liter 0.05M = 50ml of 20 Vol. = 0.1N (add 2 mls conc. H2SO4 per liter soln) 1 liter 0.05M = 10mls of 100 Vol. 1 liter 0.05M =35mls of 30 Vol. Volume strength = 11.2/34 x strongth of peroxide in g/l	Iron allum (ferric ammonium sulphate) FeNH4(SO4)2.12H2O, FW = 482.19, Eq. =241g/l 250ml 0.05M = 6.02g = 0.1N Oxalic acid (anhyd.) H2C2O4, FW = 90, Eq. = 45g/l 250ml 0.05M =1.125g = 0.1N
Potassium permanganate KMnO4, FW =158.04, Eq. ==31.6g/l 250ml 0.02M = 0.79g = 0.1N (dissolve in hot water) 1 liter 0.02M = 3.16g = 0.1N (boil to dissolve crystals, then dilute to 1liter)	Sodium nitrite NaNO2, FW = 69.00, Eq. = 34.56/l 250ml 0.05M = 0.86g = 0.1N (use 1g) Sodium oxalate Na2C204, FW = 234, Eq. = 67g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.675g = 0.1N

Titrations with Dichromate

Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7, FW = 294, Eq. = 49g/l 250ml 0.0167M = 1.22g = 0.1N 1 liter 0.0167M = 4.90g = 0.1N Potassium iodate KIO3, FW = 214, Eq. = 35.73g/l 250ml 0.0167M = 0.892g = 0.1N

Tin, Sn, FW = 119.0, Eq. = 59.5g/l Tin (11) chloride use metallic tin dissolved in conc. HCl 250ml 0.05M = 1.49g = 0.1N Spathic iron ore FeCO3, FW = 116, Eq. = 116g/l 250ml 0.1M = 2.9g = 0.1N

Titrations with iodine and Thiosulphate

Sodium thiosulphate Na2S2O3.5H2O, FW = 248.18, Eq. = 248g/l 250ml 0.1M = 6.2g = 0.1N 1 liter 0.1M = 24.8g = 0.1N	Potassium iodide KI, FW = 166, Eq. =166g/l 250ml 0.1M = 4.15g = 0.1N 1liter = 0.1M 16.6g = 0.1N
Potassium iodate KIO3, FW = 214 Eq. = 35.73g/l 250ml 0.0167M = 0.892g = 0.1N	Iodine, I2 FW = 253.18, Eq. = 127g/l 1 liter 0.05M = 12.7g = 0.1N (use 13g Iodine and add 25g KI
Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O, FW = 249.68, Eq. = 249.68g/l 250ml 0.1M = 6.24g = 0.1N Note: add anhy. NaCO3 untill a slight permanent bluish colour is formed. Add a little acetic acid to get a clear blue colour, then make up to the mark.	Copper sulphate, anhydrous CuSO4, FW = 159.6, Eq. = 159.6g/l 250ml 0.1M = 4g =0.1N
Bleaching powder CaOCL2, FW = 145, Eq. = 72,5g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.81g = 0,1N (use 2.5g)	Sodium sulphite Na2SO3.5H2O, FW = 126.04, Eq. = 63g/l 250ml 0.05M = 1.57g = 0.1N

Titrations with Silver Nitrate

Silver nitrate AgNO3, FW = 170, Eq. =170g/l 250ml 0.1M = 4.25g = 0.1N Sodium chloride NaCl, FW = 58.5, Eq. = 58.5g/l 250ml 0.1M = 1.4625g = 0.1N	Potassium chromate K2CrO7, FW = 194.20, Eq. =32.4g/l 250ml 0.0167M = 0.81g = 0.1N 1 liter 0.0167M = 3.24g = 0.1N (add a few mls dil. H2SO4 to clear)
Ammonium thiocyanate NH4CNS, FW = 76.12, Eq. = 76.12g/l 250ml 0.1M = 1.9g = 0.1N 1 liter 0.1M = 7.6g = 0.1N	Potassium thiocyanate KCNS, FW = 97.18, Eq. = 97g/l 250ml 0.1M = 2.4g = 0.1N (use 3g) 1 liter 0.1M = 9.74g = 0.1N (use 12g)

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